KMS National Astronomical Observatories, CAS
| Revisiting the HD 21749 planetary system with stellar activity modelling | |
| Gan, Tianjun1,2; Wang, Sharon Xuesong1,2,3; Teske, Johanna K.3; Mao, Shude1,2,4; Howard, Ward S.5; Law, Nicholas M.5; Batalha, Natasha E.6; Vanderburg, Andrew7; Dragomir, Diana8; Huang, Chelsea X.9,10; Feng, Fabo11; Butler, R. Paul11; Crane, Jeffrey D.3; Shectman, Stephen A.3; Beletsky, Yuri3; Shporer, Avi9,10; Montet, Benjamin T.12; Burt, Jennifer A.13; Feinstein, Adina D.14; Flowers, Erin15; Nandakumar, Sangeetha16; Barbieri, Mauro16; Corbett, Hank5; Ratzloff, Jeffrey K.5; Galliher, Nathan5; Chavez, Ramses Gonzalez5; Vasquez, Alan5; Glazier, Amy5; Haislip, Joshua5 | |
| 2021-03-01 | |
| Source Publication | MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
 |
| ISSN | 0035-8711 |
| Volume | 501Issue:4Pages:6042-6061 |
| Abstract | HD 21749 is a bright (V = 8.1 mag) K dwarf at 16 pc known to host an inner terrestrial planet HD 21749c as well as an outer sub-Neptune HD 21749b, both delivered by Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). Follow-up spectroscopic observations measured the mass of HD 21749b to be 22.7 +/- 2.2 M-circle plus with a density of 7.0(-1.3)(+1.6) g cm(-3), making it one of the densest sub-Neptunes. However, the mass measurement was suspected to be influenced by stellar rotation. Here, we present new high-cadence PFS RV data to disentangle the stellar activity signal from the planetary signal. We find that HD 21749 has a similar rotational time-scale as the planet's orbital period, and the amplitude of the planetary orbital RV signal is estimated to be similar to that of the stellar activity signal. We perform Gaussian process regression on the photometry and RVs from HARPS and PFS to model the stellar activity signal. Our new models reveal that HD 21749b has a radius of 2.86 +/- 0.20 R-circle plus, an orbital period of 35.6133 +/- 0.0005 d with a mass of M-b = 20.0 +/- 2.7 M-circle plus and a density of 4.8(-1.4)(+2.0) g cm(-3) on an eccentric orbit with e = 0.16 +/- 0.06, which is consistent with the most recent values published for this system. HD 21749c has an orbital period of 7.7902 +/- 0.0006 d, a radius of 1.13 +/- 0.10 R-circle plus, and a 3 sigma mass upper limit of 3.5 M-circle plus. Our Monte Carlo simulations confirm that without properly taking stellar activity signals into account, the mass measurement of HD 21749b is likely to arrive at a significantly underestimated error bar. |
| Keyword | stars: individual: HD 21749 planetary systems |
| Funding Organization | NASA's Science Mission directorate ; NASA's Science Mission directorate ; National Science Foundation of China ; National Science Foundation of China ; TESS Guest Investigator Program grant ; TESS Guest Investigator Program grant ; NASA Exoplanet Research Program grant ; NASA Exoplanet Research Program grant ; NASA through Hubble Fellowship - Space Telescope Science Institute ; NASA through Hubble Fellowship - Space Telescope Science Institute ; NASA ; NASA ; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship ; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship ; National Science Foundation CAREER grant ; National Science Foundation CAREER grant ; Research Corporation Scialog ; Research Corporation Scialog ; National Science Foundation/ATI grant ; National Science Foundation/ATI grant ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; NASA's Science Mission directorate ; NASA's Science Mission directorate ; National Science Foundation of China ; National Science Foundation of China ; TESS Guest Investigator Program grant ; TESS Guest Investigator Program grant ; NASA Exoplanet Research Program grant ; NASA Exoplanet Research Program grant ; NASA through Hubble Fellowship - Space Telescope Science Institute ; NASA through Hubble Fellowship - Space Telescope Science Institute ; NASA ; NASA ; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship ; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship ; National Science Foundation CAREER grant ; National Science Foundation CAREER grant ; Research Corporation Scialog ; Research Corporation Scialog ; National Science Foundation/ATI grant ; National Science Foundation/ATI grant ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; NASA's Science Mission directorate ; NASA's Science Mission directorate ; National Science Foundation of China ; National Science Foundation of China ; TESS Guest Investigator Program grant ; TESS Guest Investigator Program grant ; NASA Exoplanet Research Program grant ; NASA Exoplanet Research Program grant ; NASA through Hubble Fellowship - Space Telescope Science Institute ; NASA through Hubble Fellowship - Space Telescope Science Institute ; NASA ; NASA ; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship ; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship ; National Science Foundation CAREER grant ; National Science Foundation CAREER grant ; Research Corporation Scialog ; Research Corporation Scialog ; National Science Foundation/ATI grant ; National Science Foundation/ATI grant ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; NASA's Science Mission directorate ; NASA's Science Mission directorate ; National Science Foundation of China ; National Science Foundation of China ; TESS Guest Investigator Program grant ; TESS Guest Investigator Program grant ; NASA Exoplanet Research Program grant ; NASA Exoplanet Research Program grant ; NASA through Hubble Fellowship - Space Telescope Science Institute ; NASA through Hubble Fellowship - Space Telescope Science Institute ; NASA ; NASA ; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship ; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship ; National Science Foundation CAREER grant ; National Science Foundation CAREER grant ; Research Corporation Scialog ; Research Corporation Scialog ; National Science Foundation/ATI grant ; National Science Foundation/ATI grant ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| DOI | 10.1093/mnras/staa3886 |
| Language | 英语 |
| Funding Project | NASA's Science Mission directorate ; National Science Foundation of China[11390372] ; National Science Foundation of China[11761131004] ; TESS Guest Investigator Program grant[80NSSC19K1727] ; NASA Exoplanet Research Program grant[18-2XRP18 2-0136] ; NASA through Hubble Fellowship - Space Telescope Science Institute[HSTHF2-51399.001] ; NASA[NAS5-26555] ; NASA[18-XRP18 20048] ; NASA[NNH18ZDA001N-XRP] ; NASA[80NSSC19K0290] ; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship[DGE-1746045] ; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship[DGE-1144081] ; National Science Foundation CAREER grant[1555175] ; Research Corporation Scialog[23782] ; Research Corporation Scialog[23822] ; National Science Foundation/ATI grant[AST-1407589] ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration[80NM0018D0004] |
| Funding Organization | NASA's Science Mission directorate ; NASA's Science Mission directorate ; National Science Foundation of China ; National Science Foundation of China ; TESS Guest Investigator Program grant ; TESS Guest Investigator Program grant ; NASA Exoplanet Research Program grant ; NASA Exoplanet Research Program grant ; NASA through Hubble Fellowship - Space Telescope Science Institute ; NASA through Hubble Fellowship - Space Telescope Science Institute ; NASA ; NASA ; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship ; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship ; National Science Foundation CAREER grant ; National Science Foundation CAREER grant ; Research Corporation Scialog ; Research Corporation Scialog ; National Science Foundation/ATI grant ; National Science Foundation/ATI grant ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; NASA's Science Mission directorate ; NASA's Science Mission directorate ; National Science Foundation of China ; National Science Foundation of China ; TESS Guest Investigator Program grant ; TESS Guest Investigator Program grant ; NASA Exoplanet Research Program grant ; NASA Exoplanet Research Program grant ; NASA through Hubble Fellowship - Space Telescope Science Institute ; NASA through Hubble Fellowship - Space Telescope Science Institute ; NASA ; NASA ; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship ; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship ; National Science Foundation CAREER grant ; National Science Foundation CAREER grant ; Research Corporation Scialog ; Research Corporation Scialog ; National Science Foundation/ATI grant ; National Science Foundation/ATI grant ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; NASA's Science Mission directorate ; NASA's Science Mission directorate ; National Science Foundation of China ; National Science Foundation of China ; TESS Guest Investigator Program grant ; TESS Guest Investigator Program grant ; NASA Exoplanet Research Program grant ; NASA Exoplanet Research Program grant ; NASA through Hubble Fellowship - Space Telescope Science Institute ; NASA through Hubble Fellowship - Space Telescope Science Institute ; NASA ; NASA ; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship ; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship ; National Science Foundation CAREER grant ; National Science Foundation CAREER grant ; Research Corporation Scialog ; Research Corporation Scialog ; National Science Foundation/ATI grant ; National Science Foundation/ATI grant ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; NASA's Science Mission directorate ; NASA's Science Mission directorate ; National Science Foundation of China ; National Science Foundation of China ; TESS Guest Investigator Program grant ; TESS Guest Investigator Program grant ; NASA Exoplanet Research Program grant ; NASA Exoplanet Research Program grant ; NASA through Hubble Fellowship - Space Telescope Science Institute ; NASA through Hubble Fellowship - Space Telescope Science Institute ; NASA ; NASA ; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship ; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship ; National Science Foundation CAREER grant ; National Science Foundation CAREER grant ; Research Corporation Scialog ; Research Corporation Scialog ; National Science Foundation/ATI grant ; National Science Foundation/ATI grant ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| WOS Research Area | Astronomy & Astrophysics |
| WOS Subject | Astronomy & Astrophysics |
| WOS ID | WOS:000637320000093 |
| Publisher | OXFORD UNIV PRESS |
| Citation statistics | |
| Document Type | 期刊论文 |
| Identifier | http://ir.bao.ac.cn/handle/114a11/78391 |
| Collection | 中国科学院国家天文台 |
| Corresponding Author | Gan, Tianjun; Wang, Sharon Xuesong |
| Affiliation | 1.Tsinghua Univ, Dept Astron, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China 2.Tsinghua Univ, Tsinghua Ctr Astrophys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China 3.Observ Carnegie Inst Sci, 813 Santa Barbara St, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA 4.Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, 20A Datun Rd, Beijing 100012, Peoples R China 5.Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA 6.NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA 7.Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, Madison, WI 53706 USA 8.Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, 1919 Lomas Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA 9.MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA 10.MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA 11.Carnegie Inst Sci, Earth & Planets Lab, 5241 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA 12.Univ New South Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia 13.CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA 14.Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA 15.Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA 16.Univ Atacama, INCT, Calle Copayapu 485, Copiapo 1532297, Atacama, Chile |
| Recommended Citation GB/T 7714 | Gan, Tianjun,Wang, Sharon Xuesong,Teske, Johanna K.,et al. Revisiting the HD 21749 planetary system with stellar activity modelling[J]. MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY,2021,501(4):6042-6061. |
| APA | Gan, Tianjun.,Wang, Sharon Xuesong.,Teske, Johanna K..,Mao, Shude.,Howard, Ward S..,...&Haislip, Joshua.(2021).Revisiting the HD 21749 planetary system with stellar activity modelling.MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY,501(4),6042-6061. |
| MLA | Gan, Tianjun,et al."Revisiting the HD 21749 planetary system with stellar activity modelling".MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY 501.4(2021):6042-6061. |
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