Classification of 4XMM-DR9 sources by machine learning

doi:10.1093/mnras/stab744

NAOC Open IR

	Classification of 4XMM-DR9 sources by machine learning
	Zhang, Yanxia1 ; Zhao, Yongheng 1; Wu, Xue-Bing 2,3
	2021-06-01
Source Publication	MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
ISSN	0035-8711
Volume	503 Issue:4 Pages:5263-5273
Abstract	The ESA's X ray Multi mirror Mission (XMM-Newton) created a new high-quality version of the XMM Newton serendipitous source catalogue, 4XMM-DR9, which provides a wealth of information for observed sources. The 4XMM-DR9 catalogue is correlated with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SUSS) DR12 photometric data base and the AllWISE data base; we then get X-ray sources with information from the X-ray, optical, and/or infrared bands and obtain the XMM-WISE, XMM-SDSS, and XMM-WISE-SDSS samples. Based on the large spectroscopic surveys of SUSS and the Large Sky Area Multi-object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST), we cross-match the XMM-WISE-SDSS sample with sources of known spectral classes, and obtain known samples of stars, galaxies, and quasars. The distribution of stars, galaxies, and quasars as well as all spectral classes of stars in 2D parameter space is presented. Various machine-learning methods are applied to different samples from different bands. The better classified results are retained. For the sample from the X-ray band, a rotation-forest classifier performs the best. For the sample from the X-ray and infrared bands, a random-forest algorithm outperforms all other methods. For the samples from the X-ray, optical, and/or infrared bands, the LogitBoost classifier shows its superiority. Thus, all X-ray sources in the 4XMM-DR9 catalogue with different input patterns are classified by their respective models that are created by these best methods. Their membership of and membership probabilities for individual X-ray sources are assigned. The classified result will be of great value for the further research of X-ray sources in greater detail.
Keyword	methods: data analysis methods: statistical astronomical data bases: miscellaneous catalogues stars: general galaxies: general
Funding Organization	National Natural Science Foundation of China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; National Development and Reform Commission ; National Development and Reform Commission ; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ; US Department of Energy Office of Science ; US Department of Energy Office of Science ; Center for High-Performance Computing at the University of Utah ; Center for High-Performance Computing at the University of Utah ; Brazilian Participation Group ; Brazilian Participation Group ; Carnegie Institution for Science ; Carnegie Institution for Science ; Carnegie Mellon University ; Carnegie Mellon University ; Chilean Participation Group ; Chilean Participation Group ; French Participation Group ; French Participation Group ; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics ; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ; Johns Hopkins University ; Johns Hopkins University ; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU)/University of Tokyo ; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU)/University of Tokyo ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ; Leibniz Institut fur Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP) ; Leibniz Institut fur Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP) ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg) ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg) ; Max-PlanckInstitut fur Astrophysik (MPA Garching) ; Max-PlanckInstitut fur Astrophysik (MPA Garching) ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE) ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE) ; National Astronomical Observatories of China ; National Astronomical Observatories of China ; New Mexico State University ; New Mexico State University ; New York University ; New York University ; University of Notre Dame ; University of Notre Dame ; Observatario Nacional/MCTI ; Observatario Nacional/MCTI ; Ohio State University ; Ohio State University ; Pennsylvania State University ; Pennsylvania State University ; Shanghai Astronomical Observatory ; Shanghai Astronomical Observatory ; United Kingdom Participation Group ; United Kingdom Participation Group ; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico ; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico ; University of Arizona ; University of Arizona ; University of Colorado Boulder ; University of Colorado Boulder ; University of Oxford ; University of Oxford ; University of Portsmouth ; University of Portsmouth ; University of Utah ; University of Utah ; University of Virginia ; University of Virginia ; University of Washington ; University of Washington ; University of Wisconsin ; University of Wisconsin ; Vanderbilt University ; Vanderbilt University ; Yale University ; Yale University ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; National Development and Reform Commission ; National Development and Reform Commission ; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ; US Department of Energy Office of Science ; US Department of Energy Office of Science ; Center for High-Performance Computing at the University of Utah ; Center for High-Performance Computing at the University of Utah ; Brazilian Participation Group ; Brazilian Participation Group ; Carnegie Institution for Science ; Carnegie Institution for Science ; Carnegie Mellon University ; Carnegie Mellon University ; Chilean Participation Group ; Chilean Participation Group ; French Participation Group ; French Participation Group ; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics ; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ; Johns Hopkins University ; Johns Hopkins University ; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU)/University of Tokyo ; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU)/University of Tokyo ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ; Leibniz Institut fur Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP) ; Leibniz Institut fur Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP) ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg) ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg) ; Max-PlanckInstitut fur Astrophysik (MPA Garching) ; Max-PlanckInstitut fur Astrophysik (MPA Garching) ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE) ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE) ; National Astronomical Observatories of China ; National Astronomical Observatories of China ; New Mexico State University ; New Mexico State University ; New York University ; New York University ; University of Notre Dame ; University of Notre Dame ; Observatario Nacional/MCTI ; Observatario Nacional/MCTI ; Ohio State University ; Ohio State University ; Pennsylvania State University ; Pennsylvania State University ; Shanghai Astronomical Observatory ; Shanghai Astronomical Observatory ; United Kingdom Participation Group ; United Kingdom Participation Group ; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico ; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico ; University of Arizona ; University of Arizona ; University of Colorado Boulder ; University of Colorado Boulder ; University of Oxford ; University of Oxford ; University of Portsmouth ; University of Portsmouth ; University of Utah ; University of Utah ; University of Virginia ; University of Virginia ; University of Washington ; University of Washington ; University of Wisconsin ; University of Wisconsin ; Vanderbilt University ; Vanderbilt University ; Yale University ; Yale University ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; National Development and Reform Commission ; National Development and Reform Commission ; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ; US Department of Energy Office of Science ; US Department of Energy Office of Science ; Center for High-Performance Computing at the University of Utah ; Center for High-Performance Computing at the University of Utah ; Brazilian Participation Group ; Brazilian Participation Group ; Carnegie Institution for Science ; Carnegie Institution for Science ; Carnegie Mellon University ; Carnegie Mellon University ; Chilean Participation Group ; Chilean Participation Group ; French Participation Group ; French Participation Group ; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics ; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ; Johns Hopkins University ; Johns Hopkins University ; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU)/University of Tokyo ; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU)/University of Tokyo ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ; Leibniz Institut fur Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP) ; Leibniz Institut fur Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP) ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg) ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg) ; Max-PlanckInstitut fur Astrophysik (MPA Garching) ; Max-PlanckInstitut fur Astrophysik (MPA Garching) ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE) ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE) ; National Astronomical Observatories of China ; National Astronomical Observatories of China ; New Mexico State University ; New Mexico State University ; New York University ; New York University ; University of Notre Dame ; University of Notre Dame ; Observatario Nacional/MCTI ; Observatario Nacional/MCTI ; Ohio State University ; Ohio State University ; Pennsylvania State University ; Pennsylvania State University ; Shanghai Astronomical Observatory ; Shanghai Astronomical Observatory ; United Kingdom Participation Group ; United Kingdom Participation Group ; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico ; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico ; University of Arizona ; University of Arizona ; University of Colorado Boulder ; University of Colorado Boulder ; University of Oxford ; University of Oxford ; University of Portsmouth ; University of Portsmouth ; University of Utah ; University of Utah ; University of Virginia ; University of Virginia ; University of Washington ; University of Washington ; University of Wisconsin ; University of Wisconsin ; Vanderbilt University ; Vanderbilt University ; Yale University ; Yale University ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; National Development and Reform Commission ; National Development and Reform Commission ; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ; US Department of Energy Office of Science ; US Department of Energy Office of Science ; Center for High-Performance Computing at the University of Utah ; Center for High-Performance Computing at the University of Utah ; Brazilian Participation Group ; Brazilian Participation Group ; Carnegie Institution for Science ; Carnegie Institution for Science ; Carnegie Mellon University ; Carnegie Mellon University ; Chilean Participation Group ; Chilean Participation Group ; French Participation Group ; French Participation Group ; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics ; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ; Johns Hopkins University ; Johns Hopkins University ; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU)/University of Tokyo ; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU)/University of Tokyo ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ; Leibniz Institut fur Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP) ; Leibniz Institut fur Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP) ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg) ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg) ; Max-PlanckInstitut fur Astrophysik (MPA Garching) ; Max-PlanckInstitut fur Astrophysik (MPA Garching) ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE) ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE) ; National Astronomical Observatories of China ; National Astronomical Observatories of China ; New Mexico State University ; New Mexico State University ; New York University ; New York University ; University of Notre Dame ; University of Notre Dame ; Observatario Nacional/MCTI ; Observatario Nacional/MCTI ; Ohio State University ; Ohio State University ; Pennsylvania State University ; Pennsylvania State University ; Shanghai Astronomical Observatory ; Shanghai Astronomical Observatory ; United Kingdom Participation Group ; United Kingdom Participation Group ; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico ; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico ; University of Arizona ; University of Arizona ; University of Colorado Boulder ; University of Colorado Boulder ; University of Oxford ; University of Oxford ; University of Portsmouth ; University of Portsmouth ; University of Utah ; University of Utah ; University of Virginia ; University of Virginia ; University of Washington ; University of Washington ; University of Wisconsin ; University of Wisconsin ; Vanderbilt University ; Vanderbilt University ; Yale University ; Yale University
DOI	10.1093/mnras/stab744
WOS Keyword	DIGITAL SKY SURVEY
Language	英语
Funding Project	National Natural Science Foundation of China[11873066] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China[U1731109] ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; National Development and Reform Commission ; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ; US Department of Energy Office of Science ; Center for High-Performance Computing at the University of Utah ; Brazilian Participation Group ; Carnegie Institution for Science ; Carnegie Mellon University ; Chilean Participation Group ; French Participation Group ; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ; Johns Hopkins University ; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU)/University of Tokyo ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ; Leibniz Institut fur Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP) ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg) ; Max-PlanckInstitut fur Astrophysik (MPA Garching) ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE) ; National Astronomical Observatories of China ; New Mexico State University ; New York University ; University of Notre Dame ; Observatario Nacional/MCTI ; Ohio State University ; Pennsylvania State University ; Shanghai Astronomical Observatory ; United Kingdom Participation Group ; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico ; University of Arizona ; University of Colorado Boulder ; University of Oxford ; University of Portsmouth ; University of Utah ; University of Virginia ; University of Washington ; University of Wisconsin ; Vanderbilt University ; Yale University
Funding Organization	National Natural Science Foundation of China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; National Development and Reform Commission ; National Development and Reform Commission ; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ; US Department of Energy Office of Science ; US Department of Energy Office of Science ; Center for High-Performance Computing at the University of Utah ; Center for High-Performance Computing at the University of Utah ; Brazilian Participation Group ; Brazilian Participation Group ; Carnegie Institution for Science ; Carnegie Institution for Science ; Carnegie Mellon University ; Carnegie Mellon University ; Chilean Participation Group ; Chilean Participation Group ; French Participation Group ; French Participation Group ; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics ; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ; Johns Hopkins University ; Johns Hopkins University ; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU)/University of Tokyo ; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU)/University of Tokyo ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ; Leibniz Institut fur Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP) ; Leibniz Institut fur Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP) ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg) ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg) ; Max-PlanckInstitut fur Astrophysik (MPA Garching) ; Max-PlanckInstitut fur Astrophysik (MPA Garching) ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE) ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE) ; National Astronomical Observatories of China ; National Astronomical Observatories of China ; New Mexico State University ; New Mexico State University ; New York University ; New York University ; University of Notre Dame ; University of Notre Dame ; Observatario Nacional/MCTI ; Observatario Nacional/MCTI ; Ohio State University ; Ohio State University ; Pennsylvania State University ; Pennsylvania State University ; Shanghai Astronomical Observatory ; Shanghai Astronomical Observatory ; United Kingdom Participation Group ; United Kingdom Participation Group ; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico ; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico ; University of Arizona ; University of Arizona ; University of Colorado Boulder ; University of Colorado Boulder ; University of Oxford ; University of Oxford ; University of Portsmouth ; University of Portsmouth ; University of Utah ; University of Utah ; University of Virginia ; University of Virginia ; University of Washington ; University of Washington ; University of Wisconsin ; University of Wisconsin ; Vanderbilt University ; Vanderbilt University ; Yale University ; Yale University ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; National Development and Reform Commission ; National Development and Reform Commission ; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ; US Department of Energy Office of Science ; US Department of Energy Office of Science ; Center for High-Performance Computing at the University of Utah ; Center for High-Performance Computing at the University of Utah ; Brazilian Participation Group ; Brazilian Participation Group ; Carnegie Institution for Science ; Carnegie Institution for Science ; Carnegie Mellon University ; Carnegie Mellon University ; Chilean Participation Group ; Chilean Participation Group ; French Participation Group ; French Participation Group ; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics ; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ; Johns Hopkins University ; Johns Hopkins University ; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU)/University of Tokyo ; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU)/University of Tokyo ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ; Leibniz Institut fur Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP) ; Leibniz Institut fur Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP) ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg) ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg) ; Max-PlanckInstitut fur Astrophysik (MPA Garching) ; Max-PlanckInstitut fur Astrophysik (MPA Garching) ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE) ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE) ; National Astronomical Observatories of China ; National Astronomical Observatories of China ; New Mexico State University ; New Mexico State University ; New York University ; New York University ; University of Notre Dame ; University of Notre Dame ; Observatario Nacional/MCTI ; Observatario Nacional/MCTI ; Ohio State University ; Ohio State University ; Pennsylvania State University ; Pennsylvania State University ; Shanghai Astronomical Observatory ; Shanghai Astronomical Observatory ; United Kingdom Participation Group ; United Kingdom Participation Group ; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico ; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico ; University of Arizona ; University of Arizona ; University of Colorado Boulder ; University of Colorado Boulder ; University of Oxford ; University of Oxford ; University of Portsmouth ; University of Portsmouth ; University of Utah ; University of Utah ; University of Virginia ; University of Virginia ; University of Washington ; University of Washington ; University of Wisconsin ; University of Wisconsin ; Vanderbilt University ; Vanderbilt University ; Yale University ; Yale University ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; National Development and Reform Commission ; National Development and Reform Commission ; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ; US Department of Energy Office of Science ; US Department of Energy Office of Science ; Center for High-Performance Computing at the University of Utah ; Center for High-Performance Computing at the University of Utah ; Brazilian Participation Group ; Brazilian Participation Group ; Carnegie Institution for Science ; Carnegie Institution for Science ; Carnegie Mellon University ; Carnegie Mellon University ; Chilean Participation Group ; Chilean Participation Group ; French Participation Group ; French Participation Group ; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics ; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ; Johns Hopkins University ; Johns Hopkins University ; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU)/University of Tokyo ; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU)/University of Tokyo ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ; Leibniz Institut fur Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP) ; Leibniz Institut fur Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP) ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg) ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg) ; Max-PlanckInstitut fur Astrophysik (MPA Garching) ; Max-PlanckInstitut fur Astrophysik (MPA Garching) ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE) ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE) ; National Astronomical Observatories of China ; National Astronomical Observatories of China ; New Mexico State University ; New Mexico State University ; New York University ; New York University ; University of Notre Dame ; University of Notre Dame ; Observatario Nacional/MCTI ; Observatario Nacional/MCTI ; Ohio State University ; Ohio State University ; Pennsylvania State University ; Pennsylvania State University ; Shanghai Astronomical Observatory ; Shanghai Astronomical Observatory ; United Kingdom Participation Group ; United Kingdom Participation Group ; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico ; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico ; University of Arizona ; University of Arizona ; University of Colorado Boulder ; University of Colorado Boulder ; University of Oxford ; University of Oxford ; University of Portsmouth ; University of Portsmouth ; University of Utah ; University of Utah ; University of Virginia ; University of Virginia ; University of Washington ; University of Washington ; University of Wisconsin ; University of Wisconsin ; Vanderbilt University ; Vanderbilt University ; Yale University ; Yale University ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; National Aeronautics and Space Administration ; National Development and Reform Commission ; National Development and Reform Commission ; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation ; US Department of Energy Office of Science ; US Department of Energy Office of Science ; Center for High-Performance Computing at the University of Utah ; Center for High-Performance Computing at the University of Utah ; Brazilian Participation Group ; Brazilian Participation Group ; Carnegie Institution for Science ; Carnegie Institution for Science ; Carnegie Mellon University ; Carnegie Mellon University ; Chilean Participation Group ; Chilean Participation Group ; French Participation Group ; French Participation Group ; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics ; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ; Johns Hopkins University ; Johns Hopkins University ; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU)/University of Tokyo ; Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU)/University of Tokyo ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ; Leibniz Institut fur Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP) ; Leibniz Institut fur Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP) ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg) ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie (MPIA Heidelberg) ; Max-PlanckInstitut fur Astrophysik (MPA Garching) ; Max-PlanckInstitut fur Astrophysik (MPA Garching) ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE) ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE) ; National Astronomical Observatories of China ; National Astronomical Observatories of China ; New Mexico State University ; New Mexico State University ; New York University ; New York University ; University of Notre Dame ; University of Notre Dame ; Observatario Nacional/MCTI ; Observatario Nacional/MCTI ; Ohio State University ; Ohio State University ; Pennsylvania State University ; Pennsylvania State University ; Shanghai Astronomical Observatory ; Shanghai Astronomical Observatory ; United Kingdom Participation Group ; United Kingdom Participation Group ; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico ; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico ; University of Arizona ; University of Arizona ; University of Colorado Boulder ; University of Colorado Boulder ; University of Oxford ; University of Oxford ; University of Portsmouth ; University of Portsmouth ; University of Utah ; University of Utah ; University of Virginia ; University of Virginia ; University of Washington ; University of Washington ; University of Wisconsin ; University of Wisconsin ; Vanderbilt University ; Vanderbilt University ; Yale University ; Yale University
WOS Research Area	Astronomy & Astrophysics
WOS Subject	Astronomy & Astrophysics
WOS ID	WOS:000649001600041
Publisher	OXFORD UNIV PRESS
Citation statistics
Document Type	期刊论文
Identifier	http://ir.bao.ac.cn/handle/114a11/77694
Collection	中国科学院国家天文台
Corresponding Author	Zhang, Yanxia
Affiliation	1.Natl Astron Observ, CAS Key Lab Opt Astron, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China 2.Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Dept Astron, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China 3.Peking Univ, Kavli Inst Astron & Astrophys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China
Recommended Citation GB/T 7714	Zhang, Yanxia,Zhao, Yongheng,Wu, Xue-Bing. Classification of 4XMM-DR9 sources by machine learning[J]. MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY,2021,503(4):5263-5273.
APA	Zhang, Yanxia,Zhao, Yongheng,&Wu, Xue-Bing.(2021).Classification of 4XMM-DR9 sources by machine learning.MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY,503(4),5263-5273.
MLA	Zhang, Yanxia,et al."Classification of 4XMM-DR9 sources by machine learning".MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY 503.4(2021):5263-5273.

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